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Not presently using the limb well: indicates injury to limb and helps to define severity. Nursing well: implies that other than the traumatic injury to the leg that the calf is doing well. Embryo transfer: embryo transfer calves tend to be large and typically must be pulled from the dam. This supports the traumatic injury due to chains and the hypothesis that the valgus deformity could have begun in utero. Owner wants to save if financially possible: this allows for tests and treatments that are not usually performed on cattle due to their monetary value. Large at birth, forced extraction with obstetrical chains and Frank’s calf jack: another explanation for how and when the fracture/ potential damage to the physis occurred and supports the valgus in utero due to large calf size. Leg in heavy bandage for one month: some treatment for wounds, fracture and potential damage to the physis was performed. The bandage would not support the leg enough to help correct the fracture and damage to the physis. This supports malunion and valgus. Some areas of skin sloughed at two weeks of age: indication that the obstetrical chains did cause lacerations of the legs. This is a potential source of infection and supports that the damage to the leg may have been severe enough to cause damage to the extensor tendons. At two weeks a half limb cast was put on for 3 weeks: this supports the potential malunion due to improper reduction. Also, if the leg was not set in flexion the tendons could be permanently contracted due to improper casting. Upon removal of cast the leg was uniformly enlarged and crooked: The diffuse swelling indicates infection and improper/lack of healing of the fracture. The fact that the leg is crooked implies improper healing of the fracture and possible damage to the physis. Has not used leg since cast was removed: helps to define the severity of the lameness. Also, indicates that lameness is worse than it was originally. Before the cast the calf was using the leg a little, now it is no longer using it at all. Dragging left front limb: helps to define severity of the lameness and indicates potential soft tissue damage sine the leg is being dragged. The dragging can also be attributed to the valgus malformation. Leg is uniformly swollen, two times its natural size: diffuse swelling indicates potential infection and incorrect/lack of healing of the original traumatic injury. The leg being two times its natural size helps to define the severity of the inflammation and indirectly the severity of the injury and/or the local infection. Area around the fracture is covered with pink epithelium: supports that there is some healing of the wounds occurring, but very little considering the length of time the wounds have existed. The fact the wounds are not healing can be attributed to local infection. 2 granulating wounds on the limb: this also supports that there is some wound healing, but the delayed healing time ( the wounds have been present for three months) can be attributed to local infection. Leg is unstable, creptiance at the metacarpus with manipulation: instability and crepitance associated with the metacarpal bone indicate fracture. This supports the hypothesis that the leg was fractured during extraction from the dam. Draining tract on the dorsomedial aspect of the leg: this supports that lacerations were caused by the chains and a subsequent infection has developed within the leg. Purulent exudate was expressed from wound upon manipulation: supports the hypothesis of sepsis and the potential source of systemic infection. Limb turned outward, valgus: implies that there has either been improper healing/casting of the original fracture or that damage to the physis occurred with subsequent growth and malformation. Limited range of motion of metacarpal – phalangeal joint: can be attributed to improper setting/ casting of the fracture or to the damage to the physis. The joint may also be involved with the infection. Tight bands connect raised toes with tissue on dorsum of foot: contracted extensor tendons can occur from direct damage e to the tendons by the chains and subsequent fibrotic healing or improper casting. 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