╨╧рб▒с>■  $&■   #                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ье┴ ┐} jbjbjкjк ╚╚}      ]ввввввв╥╥╥╥╥ ▐ ╥УъЎЎЎЎЎЎЎЎPRRRRRR,}ЇqЮ~вЎЎЎЎЎ~·ввЎЎЎ···Ў╓вЎвЎP╢─ввввЎP·V·PввPъ m─╢╥╥╠.PHypothesis 3ЧBacterial Infection Group 11 Case 3 Bacterial seeding of a joint, synovial membrane, tendon sheath, or bone can cause swelling in the leg of the horse. This can be from hematogenous spread, a localized traumatic puncture, or iatrogenic implantation. In this case, there is no history of iatrogenic implantation, so traumatic or hematogenous spread is most likely due to the history of possible trauma and the young age of the filly. From the limited data available now, any or a combination of the anatomical areas mentioned above could be involved. Whatever the case, the mechanism of infection and development of clinical signs are similar. Young foals are susceptible to bacteria in the blood stream, whether it enters through the umbilicus, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or other means. When it enters the small capillary beds in the peripheral tissues, the blood flow slows and the bacteria can attach and begin to proliferate. It is especially common in the foal to occur in joint capsules and or the small terminal sinusoids of bones especially near the growth plates. Similarly, any wound or trauma can damage tissue that can be infiltrated by bacteria, which can also begin to proliferate or move to nearby soft tissues, joints or bones as discussed above. The bacteria set off a cascade of events that lead to the clinical signs of heat, pain, swelling, redness, and loss of normal function: the immune response. The immune system releases chemical mediators like histamine that cause vasodilation (redness and heat) and vascular permeability . Serous exudate rich in protein seeps out of the leaky capillaries (swelling). The histamine and other chemotactic factors attract phagocytes such as neutrophils and later monocytes to the area of inflammation (further swelling) to engulf and lyse the bacteria, and then clean up the mess. The chemical mediators also irritate nerve endings in the tissue (pain and loss of function). In bone, prostaglandin release causes bone lysis, and microthrombi cause hypoxia and death of osteocytes. In the case of tendons, lysosomal enzymes from leukocytes can begin to digest the tendon. } !23ЩЪOP  } ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ !23ЩЪOP  } ■■ ░╨/ ░р=!░"░#Ра$Ра%░ [4@ё 4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@Є б<Default Paragraph Font}       }} } } QY╣┼Є№2<[gў;BЫж╩╒рщ'+╖╣тчэ∙:C'/╠╨$2   Math EmporiumKMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:AutoRecovery save of Document1 Math Emporium?Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:3hypothesis3_b.txt @А╖╖DZ╓╖╖ @}А@GРTimes New Roman5РАSymbol3Р Arial3РTimes"qИ╨h╠ SЖ SЖ@!е└┤┤А20d╨   Hypothesis 3 Bacterial Infection Math Emporium Math Emporium■  рЕЯЄ∙OhлС+'│┘0АИР╝╚рь№   < H T`hpx'!Hypothesis 3╤Bacterial InfectionrosypoMath EmporiumacathNormalpMath Emporiumac1thMicrosoft Word 8.0i@А╤Ё@h|▀Лв└@t╘Хв└■  ╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙о0 hpИРШа и░╕└ ╚ ї'Virginia Tech3м !Hypothesis 3╤Bacterial Infection Title ■    ■   ■    !"■   ¤   %■   ■   ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Root Entry         └FАуМ5kв└'А1Table             WordDocument        SummaryInformation(    DocumentSummaryInformation8            CompObj    XObjectPool            АуМ5kв└АуМ5kв└            ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ■      └FMicrosoft Word Document■   NB6WWord.Document.8