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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: case 1.1, A 20 cm incision is made in the mid para limbar fossa beginning 8cm ventral to lumbar transverse process Step 2 Sharp disecction of muscle layers and brief exploration of abdominal structures, Physiological Masectomy via flank laprotomy Step 1 A 20 cm incision is made in the mid para limbar fossa beginning 8cm ventral to lumbar transverse process, After adequate dissection,the blood vessels are ligated by using non absorbable sutures Step 6 Abdomen is closed in routine maner once it is sucessful, The external pudendal artery are separated from the peritoneal membrane,fat and connective tissue by blunt dissection Step 5 After adequate dissection,the blood vessels are ligated by using non absorbable sutures, Sedating the Animal Variations Include 4)The goat can be sedated with 0.1 mg/kg Xylazine hydrochloride, diluted in 20 ml of normal saline and administered intravenously over 5 minutes. Inverted L block and circular infiltration of lidocaine hydrochloride 2% around udder can also be given., External pudendal artery and vein are located by palpating along the internal abdominal wall caudal to the incision upon entering the inguinal ring Step 4 The external pudendal artery are separated from the peritoneal membrane,fat and connective tissue by blunt dissection, Mastectomy Unilateral (m.o) Steps Involved, Steps Involved Step 1 A fusiform incision is a made through the skin, midway up the udder and oriented along the long axis of the patient. This will help ensure enough skin for closure, Sedating the Animal Variations Include 2) Gas Anaesthesia can be induced and maintained with a combination of 3% isoflurane and Oxygen, Sedating the Animal Variations Include 3) Sedation with diazepam and local infiltration of Lidocaine HCL 2%, Gangrenous Mastitis Is corrected via Physiological Masectomy via flank laprotomy, Once the udder is removed, the skin is closed if possible. Mattress sutures with stents may be necessary and drainage holes or drains should be included. Step 5 If closure isn’t possible, the deeper tissues are tacked to the body wall and the wound left open., Mastectomy Bilateral (m.o) Sedating the Animal, The skin is dissected off the udder down to the inguinal area. Step 3 Using careful blunt dissection, the udder is lifted off the body wall. Vessels are double ligated as identified. (Blood vessels include: the external pudendal artery, caudal epigastric vein, perineal vessels and the subcutaneous abdominal vein.), Sharp disecction of muscle layers and brief exploration of abdominal structures Step 3 External pudendal artery and vein are located by palpating along the internal abdominal wall caudal to the incision upon entering the inguinal ring, Gangrenous Mastitis Is corrected via Mastectomy, A fusiform incision is a made through the skin, midway up the udder and oriented along the long axis of the patient. This will help ensure enough skin for closure Step 2 The skin is dissected off the udder down to the inguinal area., Using careful blunt dissection, the udder is lifted off the body wall. Vessels are double ligated as identified. (Blood vessels include: the external pudendal artery, caudal epigastric vein, perineal vessels and the subcutaneous abdominal vein.) Step 4 Once the udder is removed, the skin is closed if possible. Mattress sutures with stents may be necessary and drainage holes or drains should be included., Sedating the Animal Variations Include 1) An epidural or pudendal block might be helpful but may not be easy to perform.