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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Ducheminsky Article, showing that ververt monkeys most frequently looked at source of call; appropriate responses were very low. with potential reasons, The snake elicits a chutter call and the vervet monkeys will stand on their hind legs and scan the grass, The monkeys were looking for environmental cues to determine the severity of the threat because larger group sizes have a higher chance of false alarms, the vervet monkeys will stand on their hind legs and scan the grass with the adaptive function of escaping predators, on the predator such that The leopard elicits a loud barking call, Ducheminsky et al (2014) studied Vervet Monkey's responses to alarm calls to only aerial predators & leopard (not snake), potential reasons being the dilution effect: the chance of being the individual being depredated is lower in a large group (compared to a small group), very different results from Cheney & Seyfarth but for which Ducheminsky et al, there was a lower contagion effect since individuals were more distant from one another which is supported by the appropriate fleeing observation when the troop size was smaller and individuals were close togehter., potential reasons being The monkeys were looking for environmental cues to determine the severity of the threat, the vervet monkeys will quickly climb into the tree tops where they can not be reached. with the adaptive function of escaping predators, very different results from Cheney & Seyfarth with C&S Findings being that vervet monkeys gave "referential calls", Ducheminsky et al found vervets' response to natural predators was, appropriate, none, and inappropriate responses being nearly equal with both showing that ververt monkeys most frequently looked at source of call; appropriate responses were very low., Vervet Monkey's responses to alarm calls to only aerial predators & leopard (not snake) and troop sizes were larger, starting at 70 and 55, declinging to 60 and 35; and individuals were more distant from one another, on the predator such that The eagle elicits a double-syllable cough, Vervet Monkey's responses to alarm calls to only aerial predators & leopard (not snake) but found very different results from Cheney & Seyfarth, From most frequent to least frequent: look at source, none, and inappropriate and appropriate are equal with both showing that ververt monkeys most frequently looked at source of call; appropriate responses were very low., being that vervet monkeys gave "referential calls" depending on the predator, From most frequent to least frequent: look at source, appropriate, none, inappropriate with appropriate, none, and inappropriate responses being nearly equal