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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Kyoto Protocol and Carbon Credits, 36 developed countries + EU are required to reduce GHG emissions entitled to use Flexible Mechanisms, UNFCCC Which is an International Treaty, Kyoto protocol has Legally binding measures, Kyoto protocol based on principle of "Common but differentiated responsibilities", Flexible Mechanisms permitting Purchase of GHG emission reductions, Obligation to reduce GHGs by collective avg of 5% 1990 levels, 137 developing countries are only to monitor & report emissions entitled to participate in Clean Development Mechanism, Purchase of GHG emission reductions in the form of Surplus allowances of others from financial exchanges, Purchase of GHG emission reductions in the form of ERUs, Kyoto protocol Is an agreement under UNFCCC, Kyoto protocol expires in 2012, Obligation failure resulting penalty in 2nd commitment period, Clean Development Mechanism earning Carbon Credits from hosting environmental projects, International Treaty ratified by 192 Countries, 174 Coutries WW of Which 137 developing countries are only to monitor & report emissions, penalty in 2nd commitment period Unless they resort to Flexible Mechanisms, Carbon Credits from hosting environmental projects sold as CERs, 174 Coutries WW of Which 36 developed countries + EU are required to reduce GHG emissions, 36 developed countries + EU are required to reduce GHG emissions are under Obligation, CDM Executive Board awards CERs