аЯрЁБс>ўџ #%ўџџџ"џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС ПQ jbjbjЊjЊ ШШQџџџџџџ]ЂЂЂЂЂЂЂввввв о вёъііііііііЎАААААА,лєЯ№мЂііііім"ЂЂііі"""і"ЂіЂіЎЖФЂЂЂЂіЎ"Œ"ЎЂЂЎъ gNЗвв ЎHypothesis 3: Cranial cruciate injury due to an immune mediated synuvitis An unknown antigen (may be microbial or idiopathic in origin) stimulates the immune system resulting in the systemic production of IgM antibodies. These antibodies can become fixed in the synovial tissue leading to an inflammatory response. Synoviocytes release inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins, in addition to undergoing hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to the phagocytosis of collagen and proteoglycan fragments. The synovial vasculature becomes more permeable in response to injury or inflammation, resulting in increased fluid production, accounting for the joint effusion we see on Bonnie. Sensitivity of nociceptors is increased by inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins leading to the lameness and difficulty getting up. This extended inflammatory response leads to tissue damage. Immune-mediated synovitis is associated with crucial ligament degeneration and rupture (cranial drawer). It is estimated that 10% of crucial ruptures are caused by this immunologic disorder. In immune mediated synovitis the synovial fluid is thin and turbid with increased nucleated cell count (5000 to 20,000 cells per microliters). Lymphocytes and plasma cells predominate in the synovial fluid in most affected dogs. Characteristic histopathologic changes include lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration and villous hyperplasia It is difficult to tell weather the inflammatory cell infiltration caused cruciate damage or the cruciate damage caused an increase in inflammatory cells in the area. Q JKLŽN O P Q §§§љ§љ§§§„а JKLŽN O P Q Аа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %А [4@ёџ4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph FontQ  џџџџ џџQQ Q Q ŽžЇSSџџ Math EmporiumKMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:AutoRecovery save of Document1 Math Emporium9Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:Hypothesis 3 Math EmporiumLMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:AutoRecovery save of Hypothesis Math Emporium9Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:Hypothesis 3 Math Emporium9Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:Student's Folder:Hypothesis 3 Math Emporium'ZIP-100:ms final:finalhypothesis_3a.txtџ@€ŽŽЌэ4$ŽŽ5џџЮЪQР@GTimes New Roman5€Symbol3 Arial3Times"qˆаhя‹TFя‹TF!ЅРДД€r0dLаџџIHypothesis 3: Cranial cruciate injury due to an immune mediated synuvitis Math Emporium Math Emporiumўџ р…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0Јˆф№$ <H d p |ˆ˜ 'JHypothesis 3: Cranial cruciate injury due to an immune mediated synuvitis ypoMath EmporiumCrathNormalpMath EmporiumCr2thMicrosoft Word 8.0a@@вд*wЧР@вд*wЧРўџ еЭеœ.“—+,љЎ0< hpˆ˜  ЈАИР Ш 'Virginia Tech3Ќ JHypothesis 3: Cranial cruciate injury due to an immune mediated synuvitis Title ўџџџ ўџџџўџџџ !ўџџџ§џџџ$ўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџ РF€-)ТUЧР&€1Tableџџџџџџџџџџџџ WordDocumentџџџџџџџџSummaryInformation(џџџџDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџCompObjџџџџXObjectPoolџџџџџџџџџџџџ€-)ТUЧР€-)ТUЧРџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџ РFMicrosoft Word DocumentўџџџNB6WWord.Document.8