2. 6 year old female spayed Labrador retriever, large- large breed dogs have predispositions for various orthopedic abnormalities whether congenital (ex- hip dysplasia) or acquired( ex: CCL rupture), usually due to their size or how quickly they were growing. SpayedÑusually gain weight post-OVH so need to see if animal is overweight ( is according to physical exam) 3. Dog only raises head/wags tail but does not get up when walk over to it- indicates that dog is BAR but does not want to get up or is unable to due to pain or discomfort in hind limb(s) 4. First time hurt since got dog 5 years ago from humane society- no previous history of trauma to the musculoskeleltal system. Indicates new problem or new problem that may be exacerbating a problem that was there but that was not ever evident 5. Not walking normally since Wednesday- do not know what day it is for the physical exam but assume rather soon after Wednesday. Indication that this is an acute onset. Possibly pointing to traumatic rather than chronic, or chronic with extra stimuli making lameness more apparent 7. favoring left hind leg-hind limb usually points to stifle or hip joint given that this is an larger breed dog; but does not rule out the possibility of joints affected distally 8. difficulty getting up; difficulty going up and down stairs- not wanting to put the extra force on the hind limbs. We do not know from this if this is just because of one hind limb or possibly involvement of both, or lumbar pain? 10. adopted when 8 months old from humane society; had been abandoned. No information on BonnieÕs parents- no idea if there were any congenital abnormalities in any other litter mates or in the family line. DO not know if there may have been trauma before Bonnie was found, that may have resolved and never shown clinical signs. 11. feed dry food twice a day. Adult maintenance Hills diet. 4 cups. Plus occasional fruit and raisins- older ( for a large breed dog) being fed adult maintenance. Even though owner says is active, she is obviously overweight and this amount of food may be too much for her 12. stays in the house while owner at the office. Comes home at lunch to let out/give clean water- do not know if anything may have happened while owner was gone ( fall down steps, jumped off furniture) 13. has brought to vet clinic twice now for annual checkups and both times veterinarian said in excellent health-has only been to the vets twice in 5 years. In she really up to date on vaccines? When was the last visit to the vets? 14. up to date on vaccinations and deworming- has she had a lyme vaccine; what vax has she had exactly? 15. Never been on any medication except heartworm which is given once a month- 16. Spayed by the humane society at 6months. Sx went well, no post operative problems 17. very active when she can be.walks 30-60 minutes in mornings and evenings, jogs a couple of times a week for 3miles in late afternoon or evenings, take into back yard and play fetch when can on weekends, walk in woods for a couple of hours, if can- does seem to get fairly regular exercise yet is still overweight. Too much food intake? Hypothyroid? Also with activity, may have injured stifle. With being overweight, the activity ( running for fetch or jogging) may have caused too much extra force on her joints 18. loves children but will chase cats/other dogs if allowed- does get away once in a while for unsupervised physical activity. May have been hurt while out chasing something. 19. partial weight bearing left hind limb lameness- probably not a fracture because there is some weight bearing on limb. 20. difficulty getting up but walks quite well once she is up- normal forces of walking not as bothersome as what muscle groups/tendons/ligaments may be involved in the standing process. 21. when stands, is barely toe touching on left hind leg- prefers to not be weight bearing when standing still. 22. effusion of left stifle joint- suggest inflammation, increased permeability of the synovial lining 23. distention of joint capsule on either side of straight patella ligament- presence of fluid, whether inflammatory due to trauma or infection we are unaware at this point 24. pain on manipulation of stifle- localization of the pain to the stifle joint. There may be abnormalities elsewhere but the area the problems is manifesting in is the stifle. 25. quite overweight but no other abnormalities on PE- excess weight on joints may lead to excessive forces, predisposing joints/ligament/tendons to injuries even during periods of normal movement 26. joint tap was performed- assume to look for possible cause of inflammation, to rule out infectious/trauma 27. no cranial drawer when awake in either stifle joint- not relaxed enough to elicit cranial drawer movement. May still be present 28. under sedation, 4-5mm cranial drawer palpated in Left stifle, less than 2mm in right- increased mobility in the movement of the tibia from stifle joint area on the left sideÉmuch greater than that on the right. 29. patellas appear correctly positioned and normally mobile- 30. collateral ligaements are intact- there should be no medial or lateral rotation of the stifle. With the drawer being present, indicates that is a disruption of one of the internal ligaments, Cranial or caudal ligament 31. hip joints do not have palpable laxity or pain thru full range of motion- with this being under sedation, while it does not rule out hip dysplasia, it probably indicates that if there is hip dysplasia, it has probably not progressed enough to cause any clinical signs 32.