Learning Issues:
1)Are the temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate normal?
  Foal: Temp=101.8,Pulse=60,Respiratory Rate=52
  Normal temp= 98F-102F Foals are normally in the high end of this range.
  Normal Heart Rate= Normal for adult is 28-36 bpm. Foals my show HR of 70-100     
   bpm in the first few days of life or due to excitement.
  Normal Respiratory Rate= Normal for adult is 8-16 breaths/min but this may be 
   increased I the young foal or increased due to excitement.

2)Has the foal been lame since birth?
  This will help us to rule out congenital deficiencies versus trauma or 
infectious causes. ie: congenital: assymetric growth of the metaphysis/epiphysis
			     Infectious: navel ill
3)Was it a dystocia?
  Dystocia may have cause trauma in the form of assymetric compressive forces on 
the growth cartilages in utero. This is a possible cause of assymetric growth of 
the metaphysis/epiphysis. 

4)What does crepitation signify?
  Bony crepitation is a crackling sound produced when fragments of a fractured 
bone are rubbed together Joint crepitation is the gratin sensation caused when 
the dry synovial surfaces of a joint are rubbed together.
  Since this clinical sign is not present we can rule out a fracture of the 
fetlock.

5)What does pitting edema signify?
  Indicates a substantial amount of subcutaneous edema. Edema is often caused by 
increased vascular permeability in an area due to inflammation.
  
6)When is too old to rule out navel ill?	
  Could not find a distinct age, but since the foal is nursing normally(thus has 
acquired passive transfer of antibodies),and doesnŐt seem to show other signs of 
infection (ie: fever, swollen navel) navel ill is not a likely diagnosis. The 
fact that the lameness is bilateral also  makes navel ill less likely. At two 
weeks of age hematogenous spread of infective agents would have likely occurred 
and septic arthritis would be noted in multiple joints. Initiation of a navel 
infection would be unlikely after 2-3 days of age due to healing/closure of 
navel tissues.

7)Did the owner witness any trauma?
  Would help rule-out congenital or infectious causes. Would lead to tendinitis 
as likely diagnosis.

8)What vaccines did the herd receive?
  Answer would help rule out infectious causes such as E.coli, Salmonella, etc. 
These agents are common isolates associated with navel ill and septic arthritis 
in neonates.

9)Has foal been out with the herd?
   Would help us to determine if trauma is more likely.