Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Operational Utility Evaluation (OUE) Final Report (cited by Endsley)

“the ability to envision the current and future disposition of both Red and Blue aircraft and surface threats”.

IFC3 Final Report

The pilot’s knowledge of:

1. where both friendly and enemy aircraft are and what they are doing.
2. what their own flight knows and what the flight options are for offense and defense
3. what other flights know and what their intentions are
4. what information from above is missing

“the accurate perception of the factors and conditions that affect the aircraft and flight crew during a specific period of time. More simply, it is knowing what is going on around you” (de Becker, 1987)

“the knowledge, understanding, cognition and anticipation of events, factors and variables affecting the safe, expedient and effective conduct of the mission.” (Taylor, 1987)

“the crew’s knowledge of both the internal and external states of the aircraft, as well as the environment in which it is operating”. (Emerson, Reising and Britten-Austin, 1988)

“the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning,and the projection of their status in the near future. (Endsley, 1990) --- most widely cited definition.

“the knowledge that results when attention is allocated to a zone of interest at a level of abstraction”, “the recognition of particular states of dynamic variables in a given scenario, and the formulation of a diagnosis regarding the processes underlying these present states”, Fracker, 1988, 1989.

“all knowledge that is accessible and can be integrated into a coherent picture, when required, to assess and cope with a situation” (Sarter and Woods, 1991)