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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Leaf Structure, stomata for rapid diffusion of gases, upper epidermis has fewer stomata, palisade layer has abundant of chloroplasts, stomata reduce water loss, spongy layer has air spaces, spongy layer has fewer chloroplasts, upper epidermis palisade layer, palisade layer has 1-2 layers of cell, spongy layer loosely packed with irregular shaped cells, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, air spaces connected to stomata, lower epidermis has abundant of stomata, 1-2 layers of cell that are closely packed, lower epidermis is covered by thin waxy cuticle, upper epidermis is one cell thick, upper epidermis is covered by thick waxy cuticle, stomata to regulate gaseous exchange, lower epidermis is one cell thick, palisade layer spongy layer, waxy cuticle prevents excessive water evaporation