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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Leaf Structure, upper epidermis is above the palisade layer, waxy cuticle covered by thin layer lower epidermis, upper epidermis prevents excesssive evaporation, lower epidermis covered by abundant stomata, palisade layer is above the spongy layer, upper epidermis covered by thick layer waxy cuticle, stomata stimulate by chloroplasts to photosynthesisze, spongy layer consist of fewer chloroplasts, palisade layer consists of abundant chloroplasts, spongy layer is above the lower epidermis, chloroplasts ingredientneeded to photosynthesisze, lower epidermis is one cell thick