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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Leaf Structure, upper epidermis is covered by waxy cuticle, transparent which allows light penetration & focusing onto the mesophyll, upper epidermis has less stomata, waxy cuticle functions to protects the leaf, stomata is to regulate exchange & water loss from the leaves, palisade layer has no spongy layer, lower epidermis is one cell thick, upper epidermis is above the palisade layer, lower epidermis has thinner waxy cuticle, palisade layer is 1-2 layers of closely packed and long & cylindrical cells which are abundant chloroplasts, waxy cuticle is transparent, lower epidermis has abundant stomata, lower epidermis is to protect inner region of leaf, waxy cuticle functions to prevent excessive evaporation of water, upper epidermis is one cell thick