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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: n9. Modelling Echo, The Development of Complex Structures by Natural Selection the criteria for modelling Echo include 6. Echo should be amenable to mathematical analysis, shearing away detail and illuminating crucial features, In this sequence should enable us to mimic the embryogenesis of multi-agent organisms such Adam Smith’s pin factory. summarizing The resources are represented by a set of letters {a, b, c., d}. Each site may have an upwelling or fountain that provides a selection of resources on each time step, though some or most sites may be barren. In effect, the resources are renewable., In this sequence should enable us to mimic the embryogenesis of multi-agent organisms such Adam Smith’s pin factory. summarizing The chromosome of an agent in model 6 consists of a tag segment and a control segment. This chromosome provides the agent with three tags, three interaction conditions, a capability for resource modification, and a means of making an agent active or inactive., The requirement that an agent can reproduce only when it has acquired enough resources to make a copy of its chromosome string. the agent’s fitness depends upon Its ability to produce offspring, which is implicit in its ability to collect resources., The Development of Complex Structures by Natural Selection the criteria for modelling Echo include 1. Echo is meant for thought experiments rather than for emulation of real systems., A reservoir for containing resources the crux of the Echo model An agent can reproduce only when it has acquired sufficient resources to make a copy of its chromosome string., The “chromosome” of the multi-agent then describes an organization where the included agents serve as component compartments (organelles). The shared resources of the agent-compartments provide further opportunities for specialization and reproductive advantage. at this point Recombination and mutation can cause enough differences that, under conditional replication, the offspring of multi- agents contain different operational agent-compartments. Thus we obtain an aggregate with differentiated multi- agents, event though all of the multi-agents have the same chromosome., To determine common causes and common characteristics of cas. There are three mechanisms, - tags, internal models, and building blocks, - and four properties – aggregation, nonlinearity, flows and diversity – that have become the prime candidates for causes and characters in our search. The broad requirements for a successful approach to theory are: 4. A mathematics of competitive processes based on recombinations: Ultimately, we need rigorous generalizations that define the trajectories produced by interaction of combinations and recombinations, something computer-based experiments cannot provide on their own. An appropriate mathematics must depart from traditional approaches to emphasize persistent features of the far-from-equilibrium evolutionary trajectories generated by recombination., Begins with multiple copies of a free agent that reproduces upon collecting sufficient resources. The agent at this point has neither conditions (a syntax (rule to rule) which specifies to which messages the rule responds ) nor the tags they consult. tags Are generated by conditions due to subsequent crossover and mutations., Alters the way the cells adhere to each other, giving rise to changes in the shape of cell aggregates. The initial ball of cells goes through an intricate set of transformations, eventually leading to organs, networks, and the like. Echo includes, In this sequence should enable us to mimic the embryogenesis of multi-agent organisms such Adam Smith’s pin factory. summarizing The tag segment contains three tags. An offense tag, a defense tag, and an adhesion tag. When two agents interact, the offense tag of each agent is matched with the defense tag of the other agent to determine the amount of resource exchange between the two., Is similar to the one whereby a metazoan is generated by successive divisions of a fertilized egg, ultimately producing a new fertilized egg (in the offspring) that can repeat the process. new levels of organization In this evolution depends on one critical ability: each new level must collect and protect resources in a way that outweighs the increased cost of a more complex structure., Occurs when intra-chromosomal duplication takes a portion of a chromosome and duplicates it, producing a new chromosome with some part doubled. The added part provides for subsequent recombination and mutations that extend the agent’s capabilities. more complex organizations Further modifications can produce adhesion scores that force some offspring to form interior boundries, which cause layering and further organizational complexities. Because the agents in the interior face a different environment from the agents on the exterior, opportunities for specialization occur., A “chromosome” string of resource letters that specifies its capabilities. each chromosome Specifies two tags, an offense tag and a defense tag., Echo was designed to model The Development of Complex Structures by Natural Selection, Tag-based interactions appear and persist. greater diversity Arises from a mutation resulting in a conditional mating frame. Crossover and recombination have an enhanced role, to exploit the increasing range of combinations possible as mutations accumulate., In this evolution depends on one critical ability: each new level must collect and protect resources in a way that outweighs the increased cost of a more complex structure. the seed will spread. If the seeded aggregate collects enough resources rapidly enough to “pay” for the structural complexity., An agent can reproduce only when it has acquired sufficient resources to make a copy of its chromosome string. the agent Can acquire resources either from the site it occupies, or through interaction with other agent at that site., Its ability to produce offspring, which is implicit in its ability to collect resources. the basic Echo And all cas contain complex hierarchical structures, such as nerve networks, immune systems, eyes, etc., Is a complex “pattern in time” which begins with the fertilized egg, which divides in two, and with approximately 30 further cell divisions, finally emerges as a metazoan, such as a tiger. the concentration of Various metabolites, the biochemical products of cell reactions, begins to vary from cell to cell.