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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Spence 2001, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 traces problems in education / Higher Education, teaching techniques in order to teach more than one learner at a time, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 two ways humans learn on-one's-own, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 two ways humans learn one-on-one, problems in education / Higher Education from teaching techniques, sage on stage goal pack info, designers of learning experiences opposite of teaching, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 argues instructors should become designers of learning experiences, teaching techniques designed for teaching one-on-one, designers of learning experiences best if "support our inborn human desire and ability to learn by doing", designers of learning experiences in order to solve problems in education / Higher Education, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 mentions that learning is demonstrated through factual recall, Spence, L. D. (2001). The case against teaching. Change, 33(6), 13-19 mentions that learning is demonstrated through creative / critical application to ill-defined problems, pack info into "empty brains", problems in education / Higher Education aka teaching, sage on stage views learners as "empty brains", problems in education / Higher Education aka sage on stage