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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: !Regulating Nanotechnology 1.cmap, The Clean Water Act is inadequate to respond to risk. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act., If insurance agencies can moderate the risk, then they should be allowed to do so. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Insurance companies should be allowed to moderate the risk., A law more like the CAA or CWA should be used over the TSCA. Objects A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act., The Clean Air Act is inadequate to respond to risk. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act., Any rule issued by EPA under TSCA must be supported by “substantial evidence in the rulemaking record,” a much more difficult standard to meet than the “‘arbitrary and capricious standard’ applied to the CAA, CWA, and most other environmental statutes. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If any rule issued by EPA under TSCA must be supported by “substantial evidence in the rulemaking record,” a much more difficult standard to meet than the “‘arbitrary and capricious standard’ applied to the CAA, CWA, and most other environmental statutes, then a law more like the CAA or CWA should be used over the TSCA., Those nanotechnology manufacturers who receive federal funding for their research activities should be forced to show that they have a commercial liability policy in place to protect the public from adverse consequences. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Liability insurance is the way to go., Liability insurance is the way to go. Supports Insurance companies should be allowed to moderate the risk., If there are unknowns regarding nanotechnology's effects on humans and the environment such as whether nanoparticles gain access to tissues and cells that normally would be bypassed by larger particles as the particles gets smaller, how long nanoparticles remain in the body after entering human tissue, how nanoparticles are cleared from tissues and blood, the effects nanoparticles have on cellular and tissue functions (transient and/or permanent), and whether each cell type will respond differently, then there are significant risks to human health. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) There are significant risks to human health., Insurance companies can moderate the risk. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Insurance companies should be allowed to moderate the risk., there are unknowns regarding nanotechnology's effects on humans and the environment such as whether nanoparticles gain access to tissues and cells that normally would be bypassed by larger particles as the particles gets smaller, how long nanoparticles remain in the body after entering human tissue, how nanoparticles are cleared from tissues and blood, the effects nanoparticles have on cellular and tissue functions (transient and/or permanent), and whether each cell type will respond differently therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) There are significant risks to human health., If it is too difficult or early to calculate the probability and severity of losses to find a premium that justifies the risk being taken, then insurance companies will have difficulty moderating the risk therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Insurance companies will have difficulty moderating the risk., If a complete ban would prevent the growth of valuable nanotechnology, then a complete ban should not be passed. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A complete ban should not be passed., A complete ban would be the application of the precautionary principle whichfreezes us in place and would prevent the growth of valuable technology. Objects A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act., Nanoparticles cannot be detected by sophisticated laboratory equipment. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act., A complete ban would be the application of the precautionary principle whichfreezes us in place and would prevent the growth of valuable technology. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A complete ban should not be passed., Insurance companies should be allowed to moderate the risk. Supports A complete ban should not be passed., It is too difficult or early to calculate the probability and severity of losses to find a premium that justifies the risk being taken therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Insurance companies will have difficulty moderating the risk., Insurance companies will have difficulty moderating the risk. Objects Insurance companies can moderate the risk., Any rule issued by EPA under TSCA must be supported by “substantial evidence in the rulemaking record,” a much more difficult standard to meet than the “‘arbitrary and capricious standard’ applied to the CAA, CWA, and most other environmental statutes. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A law more like the CAA or CWA should be used over the TSCA., There are significant risks to human health. Supports A complete ban should be passed on the release to the environment of nanomaterials through a product oriented law like the Toxic Substances Control Act.