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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Chapter 18-19 CV Sprockel, Boyer, McKee, Poynton, Crocker, Arteriosclerosis chronically increases Vascular resistance, Vascular resistance increases the pressure the heart pumps against and increases Systolic BP, Cardiac Output (CO) product of (and directly proportional to) Heart Rate (HR), ESV equals Stroke Volume (SV), Vascular resistance increases the pressure the heart pumps against and increases MAP, Parasympatehtic Nervous System (PNS) stimulatation in response to increasing blood pressure causes the release of Acetylcholine (ACh), Blood Volume increasing venous return and therefore EDV, Baroreceptors provide sensory information regarding changes in systemic blood pressure and maintain homeostasis by acting on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), Parasympatehtic Nervous System (PNS) provide neural control of Cardiac Output (CO), Ca2+ thereby increasing the contractility of the heart muscle and increasing Cardiac Output (CO), Baroreceptors provide sensory information regarding changes in systemic blood pressure and maintain homeostasis by acting on the Parasympatehtic Nervous System (PNS), Norepinephrine which through cascade pathway increases the level of Ca2+, EDV which increases Stroke Volume (SV), Arteriosclerosis chronically increases Pulse Pressure, Arteriosclerosis develops after prolonged exposure to high blood pressure, in particular Systolic BP, Acetylcholine (ACh) which is generally inhibitory in cardiac muscle and acts on the pacemaker of the heart to decrease Heart Rate (HR), EDV minus ESV, Arteriosclerosis is a thickening and stiffening of the blood vessels, especially the Aorta, Pulse Pressure is the difference between Systolic BP, Cardiac Output (CO) increase temporarily increases Pulse Pressure