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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Topic 7 sampling, snowball sampling useful when a sampling frame is unavailable, size and technique should be described in publications lack of this is a common limitation in journal articles, convenient location without considering the degree to which the sample is representative, non probability sampling include Quota sampling, starting point example alphabetical class list select every 4th name select starting point between 1 and 4 then select every 4th name, randomly sampled using systematic, simple or stratified sampling benefits economical method of sampling, numbers reflect their proportion in the population example if 20% of your population are Italian, then 20% of your sample should be Italian, probability sampling include simple random sampling, simple random sampling involves members of population are selected one at a time, independent of each other and without replacement, groups (eg, age, ethnic background) then calculating number of participants needed in each group, systematic sampling potential bias if sampling fram contains sub groups of individuals whereby some members of sub groups are never selected, Quota sampling requires identifying and setting quotas for sub-groups prior to convenience sampling, systematic sampling involves dividing sampling frame into intervals, purposive sampling involves participants are handpicked as they have the desired information or characteristics, large enough for the study to have sufficient statistical power, Quota sampling is a type of convenience sampling, groups or clusters a certain number of these are randomly sampled using systematic, simple or stratified sampling, participants are handpicked as they have the desired information or characteristics sometimes used when population of interest is very small, Sampling sampling error is the discrepancy between sample mean and true population mean (average), snowball sampling involves using networks to identify a sample