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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Topic 8 measures of association, +1 to -1 example zero correlation, OR Odds Ratio ???? ODDS OF EXPOSURE AMONG CASES COMPARED TO CONTROLS, OR Odds Ratio also accompanied by CI Confidence Intervals, OR Odds Ratio used mainly to analyse data from case control studies, rare and uncommon diseases example Food poisoning, Measures of Association include r Correlation Coefficient, RR = less than 1 RR is said to be protective or positive in terms of the disease and exposure, case control studies which usually examine rare and uncommon diseases, r Correlation Coefficient note correlation does not equal causation!, higher the RR is over 1 risk of disease from the exposure INCREASES, r Correlation Coefficient is a MEASURE OF ASSOCIATION, correlation of +1 = perfect positive correlation (both variables move in the same direction together), RR Relative Risk (risk ratio) rule is RR = less than 1, case control studies which is set of cases with the disease/condition, RR Relative Risk (risk ratio) rule is Closer the RR is to 1, Measures of Association include OR Odds Ratio, OR Odds Ratio gives an approximation to RR Relative Risk, Measures of Association include RR Relative Risk (risk ratio), protective or positive in terms of the disease and exposure example RR=0.5 children vaccinated are 50% less likely to be at risk from disease, correlation of -1 = perfect negative correlation (one variable goes up the other goes down)