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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: COPD, Test of breathlessness ???? = A or C ᡂ = B or D, Beta2-adrenergic agonists ???? Long-acting, COPD ???? Testing, Influenza & Pneumococcal ???? Reduce infections and hospital visits, Emphysema Pathophysiology Destroyed alveoli neccessary for air exchange, Modified Medical research Council (MMRC) ???? Description of breathlessness, NON-drug therapy ???? Sleep apnea test, NON-drug therapy ???? Smoking cessation, Emphysema Signs & symptoms No wheezing, GOLD Classification ???? > 80 = GOLD 1 50-79 = GOLD 2 30-49 = GOLD 3 ណ = GOLD 4, Theophylline ???? Brand name: Theo-24, Elixophylline, COPD ???? Drug Therapy, COPD ???? Emphysema, NON-drug therapy ???? Vaccinations, Short-acting ???? Broncho- dilation, Emphysema Signs & symptoms Thin, barrel chest, COPD ???? NON-drug therapy, Bronchodilator response: FEV1/FVC < 0.7 ???? Will not normalize, Inhaled Combinations ???? Ex. Salmoterol & Theophylline, Mode of Action: ???? Reduces exacerbations