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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Fox 2018 Nerve impulse transmission 091418, "Electrical Impulse Hypothesis" as electrical impulses are propagated along the axon of a neuron, part of the axon mechanically rearranges itself ("dynamic" aspect) by widening / expanding of the phospholipid bilayer as the signal propagates through the area, heat is released as the signal propagates along the axon ("thermo" aspect of hypothesis) as the phospholipid bilayer crystalizes, Our "Class Conclusion" about these competing hypothesis about nerve transmission: These two mechanisms may be connected to, and affect, each other. There isn't enough evidence currently to disregard or discount either hypothesis. Which mechanism causes the other has not be resolved. with Dr. Mostrom's additional note: It will be interesting to see how long it takes for the mechanical hypothesis to be acknowledged in college textbooks., "Mechanical" Impulse Hypothesis" as mechanical changes occur in the plasma membrane of a neuron (the phospholipid bilayer), electrical impulses are propagated along the axon of a neuron by transporting sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the phospholipid membrane, contracting of the phospholipid bilayer once the signal has passed (and reverting back to its fluid / oil state) giving rise to a "soliton": "a self-sustaining wave that maintains its shape as it travels", an action potential which propagates in one direction along the axon, a "thermo-dynamic" change in the phospholipid bilayer of the axon specifically part of the axon mechanically rearranges itself ("dynamic" aspect), widening / expanding of the phospholipid bilayer as the signal propagates through the area and then contracting of the phospholipid bilayer once the signal has passed (and reverting back to its fluid / oil state), Na+ ions rush in through voltage-gated channels causing depolarization of an area of the axon, traditionally described (Campbell 2017) as occuring via "Electrical Impulse Hypothesis", challenged & summarized by Fox (2018) as occuring via "Mechanical" Impulse Hypothesis", depolarization of an area of the axon leading to an action potential, the phospholipid bilayer crystalizes causing widening / expanding of the phospholipid bilayer as the signal propagates through the area, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the phospholipid membrane such that Na+ ions rush in through voltage-gated channels, Nerve Impulse Transmission Theory has been challenged & summarized by Fox (2018), Nerve Impulse Transmission Theory has been traditionally described (Campbell 2017), a "thermo-dynamic" change in the phospholipid bilayer of the axon specifically heat is released as the signal propagates along the axon ("thermo" aspect of hypothesis), an electrical impluse in conjunction with a mechanical wave that causes a "thermo-dynamic" change in the phospholipid bilayer of the axon