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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Play in animals 100318 final, 5 Characteristics of play That include 4. repeated non-sterotyped behaviors, Play being exhibited by both "wild" / "free ranging animals, Play exhibited by birds and mammals also involves 5 Characteristics of play, increased probability of injury for which Natural Selection, "well being" in an animal for example "Sledding Crow in Russia" (using a lid as a sled!), perform a play bow and wag their tail to signal that the immediately following action is meant as play, social communication informs other group members of the playful nature of the behavior, lowers in frequency when adulthood is reached because adulthood is inherently stressful, development of anti-predator skills for use in adulthood such as Gazelle jumping and dashing behavior aids in escaping predation, Dogs & cats intraspecies and interspecies which expose their stomachs during play, expose their stomachs during play as a sign of submission to the playmate. Even if the cat/ dog exposing their stomach is typically dominant they may exhibit submission to enable playful behavior, when animals are "food supplemented" for example Squirrel Monkeys played less when not fed well (or conversely played more when fed well), multiple long-term benefits including development of anti-predator skills for use in adulthood, other group members of the playful nature of the behavior for example Dogs & cats intraspecies and interspecies, 1. spontaneous and inherently rewarding to the individual seen through "Intrinsic Motivation" to behave in a particular way, Play exhibited by birds and mammals occurs when animals are part of a social unit ("living co-operatively) so they have access to "play-mates", Development of social skills improving cooperative and competetive behaviors, 5 Characteristics of play That include 5. freedom from stress or illness, "playful-ness" in Alaskan Brown bear cubs allowed these cubs to somehow survive harsh winters better than less playful bear cubs. for which Natural Selection, Play exhibited by birds and mammals has multiple long-term benefits