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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Animal Learning Wyatt Ch. 4 100518 after class, "learned taste aversions" for example kiskadee birds are innately able to recognize the banding pattern of coral snakes & avoid eating these snakes, learning behaviors across generations (vertical transmission) which can be from offspring to parent (upward v.t.), "learned taste aversions" for example Rats learn not to eat certain foods if they make them ill within a few hours, Animal Learning can involve learning within a group, physiological factors such as the hippocampus (part of the brain in which nerves are continuously made), which alleles of a gene get expressed (FoxP2 gene in vocal learning) upon which Gene regulatory mechanisms, improved foraging success for example honeybees, cultural transmission of "traditions" which involves learning behaviors across generations (vertical transmission), learning about "abstract concepts" as observed in Honeybees: which will be summarized in CMap about Alex (the African Grey Parrot), improved survival of an individual including "re-purposing": using an item / object for a novel purpose (not tool making), genetic factors (as seen in "animal development") including which alleles of a gene get expressed (FoxP2 gene in vocal learning), improved survival of an individual including improved foraging success, thousands of seeds in various areas ("scattered hoarding" behavior) in the fall and retrieve these thoughout the winter when food is scarce, Impart skills and knowledge which will increase the fitness of the individual, Animal Learning functions to Impart skills and knowledge, Coditioning & Trial-and-Error and retaining memories to influence future behaviors, improved reproduction including ????, improved foraging success for example Clark's nutcrackers (birds), internal control mechanisms including physiological factors, learning within a group which involves social learning