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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: General information on pain associated with Castration, Acute (MO) What are some responses exhibited with acute pain struggling, kicking the hind legs, tail swishing, foot stamping, head turning, restlessness, stilted gait, reduced activity, increased recumbency, abnormal standing posture, reduced interest in dams and each other and reduced grazing and feed intake., Chronic Chronic pain in relation to instruments used in castration Elastrator Band method - Persistent wounds can be observed in older bull calves (14mth) castrated using emasculator bands; which may produce chronic pain. (MO), Acute (MO) Acute pain in relation to instruments used in castration Burdizzo clamp method - pain associated is relatively immediate due to the severe infammatory rection which can be caused with the instrument. (MO), Pain associated with Castration Two types of pain are associated Acute (MO), Pain associated with Castration Two types of pain are associated Chronic, Chronic assessment of chronic pain is primarily been based on reduced weight gain and growth, behavioural parameters; abnormal posturing and the presence of inflammation and sepsis; purulent inflammation, swelling and hardening of tissues. - signs all conducive with Elastrator band method., Acute (MO) Acute pain in relation to instruments used in castration Elastrator Band method - Application of a tight band around the scrotum and testes produces extraluminal compression of the arteries and veins, resulting in impeded arterial flow to and venous drainage of the tissues. End result is Ischemia which induces pain.