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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Spottiswoode et al 2016 110218 final, the birds' ability to locate and lead humans to the honey hive being partly innate: 1. locating bees' nests themelves; 2. the ability to guide; 3. initial communication to honey hunters, 3.2x increase (over "human control") and results in The humans access to honey, 3.2x increase (over "human control") and results in The birds access to larvae and wax within the honeycomb (the birds can digest the wax), Human honey hunters follow the Greater honeyguide birds to the honey bees' nests initiated by Men from Northern Mozambique give a "Brrr-hm" call to recruit Greater Honeyguide birds, 2.67 x increase (over the "human control") and results in The humans access to honey, A rare example of interspecies communication occurs between Humans & Greater Honeyguide birds that are wild (not captive & therefore the birds were not "trained") in which Fisherman make calls to free-living dolphins enabling a mutalistic relationship so fishermen and dolphins get more fish, The birds access to larvae and wax within the honeycomb (the birds can digest the wax) increasing foraging efficiency & survivorship for both partners, A rare example of interspecies communication occurs between Humans & Greater Honeyguide birds that are wild (not captive & therefore the birds were not "trained") in which Human honey hunters follow the Greater honeyguide birds to the honey bees' nests, Human honey hunters follow the Greater honeyguide birds to the honey bees' nests sometimes "sequentially" (with birds leading hunters to up to 3 honeybee hives within 1 leading event), the birds' ability to locate and lead humans to the honey hive being partly learned: 1. response to human honey hunting call, Men from Northern Mozambique give a "Brrr-hm" call to recruit Greater Honeyguide birds which results in the probability of finding a bee's nest (= "successful leads") (responding to the Brrr-hm calls) of 54.2% compared to 16.7% (in response to "human control" call) (Fig. 2b), 2.67 x increase (over the "human control") and results in The birds access to larvae and wax within the honeycomb (the birds can digest the wax), Men from Northern Mozambique give a "Brrr-hm" call to recruit Greater Honeyguide birds which results in the probability of the honey guides "leading" humans (whether successful or not successful) (responding to the Brrr-hm calls) of honeyguides 66.7% compared to in response to the human control 25%. (in response to "human control" call) (Fig. 2a), Human honey hunters follow the Greater honeyguide birds to the honey bees' nests with the birds' ability to locate and lead humans to the honey hive, loud chatter call from the bird (to human) followed by flashing its white feathers in the direction of the bee's nest. For which Most birds lead the hunters to within 45 degrees to each side of the nest (90 degrees total) (or between 315 degrees, to left of hive, and 45 degrees, to the right of hive) (Fig. 1b), The humans access to honey increasing foraging efficiency & survivorship for both partners, the probability of finding a bee's nest (= "successful leads") (responding to the Brrr-hm calls) of 54.2% compared to 16.7% (in response to "human control" call) (Fig. 2b) which is a 3.2x increase (over "human control"), partly learned: 1. response to human honey hunting call is learned via "social" learning &/or "cultural transmission" from other birds (with some trial & error learning), Human honey hunters follow the Greater honeyguide birds to the honey bees' nests initiated by loud chatter call from the bird (to human) followed by flashing its white feathers in the direction of the bee's nest., the probability of finding a bee's nest (= "successful leads") (responding to the Brrr-hm calls) of 54.2% compared to 16.7% (in response to "human control" call) (Fig. 2b) and with a Z score of 3.14 (Z score reflects the # of standard deviations a value is away from a mean value)