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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Wyatt Ch 6 Bhvl Ecology 111218, in species in which ..... which "frees" ....., "Direct Fitness" defined as the # offspring an individual produces in its lifetime, Polyandry (1 female + > 1 male) is exhibited by relatively few animals, there is limited opportunity to breed due to Ecological Constraints, When both parents are able to provide food for the young & and are needed to successfully rear offspring is exhibited by Carnivorous mammal species, "Indirect Fitness" defined as fitness through the descendants of genetic relatives, Stickleback fish choose to attack in a high prey density area beacuse greater reward But There is when there is a greater risk of themselves being eaten by a kingfisher predator, the sticleback fish will move to feed at a lower prey-density area., it provides the most food for the energy wasted to break open whelks for which the adaptive function is decreased energy expenditure, Monogamy (1 male + 1 female) both for which females get to choose which male(s) they mate with, naked mole rats live in habitats with similar ecological constraints as found in "helper societies", "Helpers at the nest" ("Cooperative Breeders) as seen in Meerkats, for which it lowers the age to of new offspring to reproduce and helps subordinates compete for an alpha ranking, Polygyny (1 male + > 1 female) is exhibited by mammals that eat plant material that is abundant, different mating systems for example Polyandry (1 female + > 1 male), the queen shows her dominance by bullying or producing pheromones which are honest signals (see communication CMap), the queen and up to 3 kings are the only individuals to reproduce for which the queen shows her dominance by bullying or producing pheromones, The behaviors that have evolved are those that increase the "fitness" (survivorshipand reproduction) of the individual exhibiting the behavior and relate to balancing increased foraging efficiency against predation, Crows drop whelks onto rocks to break it open specifically they drop larger whelks, instead of smaller whelks, increased number of offspring over one's lifetime including "Indirect Fitness", they drop larger whelks, instead of smaller whelks because it provides the most food for the energy wasted to break open whelks, the queen and up to 3 kings are the only individuals to reproduce while her older offspring (up to 300 individuals) take care of new offspring and dig tunnels in which the family lives