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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Wyatt Ch 6 Bhvl Ecology 111018, Carnivorous mammal species for example Red fox, in species in which the females can provision offspring by themselves whch "frees" males from parental duties & allows them to mate with other females and increase their direct reproductive fitness, The behaviors that have evolved are those that increase the "fitness" (survivorshipand reproduction) of the individual exhibiting the behavior and relate to improved foraging efficiency, different mating systems for example Monogamy (1 male + 1 female), "Direct Fitness" defined as the # offspring an individual produces in its lifetime, naked mole rats in which the queen and up to 3 kings are the only individuals to reproduce, the queen shows her dominance by bullying or producing pheromones which are honest signals (see communication CMap), naked mole rats live in habitats with similar ecological constraints as found in "helper societies", 1% of birds (Jacana, for example) for which Males take care of eggs & young, they drop larger whelks, instead of smaller whelks because it provides the most food for the energy wasted to break open whelks, some fish for which Males take care of eggs & young, the queen and up to 3 kings are the only individuals to reproduce for which the queen shows her dominance by bullying or producing pheromones, "Eusocial" animals for example Insects: Hymenoptera: ants; bees; wasps, Polyandry (1 female + > 1 male) is advantageous in species in which females produce more offspring than she can take care of by herself or with just one mate, "Indirect Fitness" defined as fitness through the descendants of genetic relatives, Polygyny (1 male + > 1 female) is advantageous in species in which the females can provision offspring by themselves, Great Tits optimize their brood size in the long term (over 2 years) with the 1-year clutch size being 2-4 eggs below maximum (8-9 chicks vs 10-12 chicks), "Indirect Fitness" for example "Helpers at the nest" ("Cooperative Breeders), division of reproductive labor results in sterile animals which differs from "helper" animals that can breed if they need to, relatively few animals including 1% of birds (Jacana, for example)