1. Anatomy of hoof
Presented to:
Dr.Zeeshan Akbar
Presented By:
PMAS FAISAL SHAHZAD 14-arid-
2022
2. HOOF
The horny part of the foot of an ungulate animal
OR The horny sheath covering the toes or lower
part of the foot of a mammal
The wall of the hoof is horn tissue produced by
the horn bud cells around the coronary band (the
junction of the skin and the wall of the hoof).
The horn grows downward as the wall wears
away during walking.
The weight of the goat falls on the wall of the hoof
3.
4. ANATOMY
Cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs are cloven-footed
animals, meaning that the hoof consists of two
digits, instead of one solid entity like that of a
horse
The two digits are analogous to the third and
fourth fingers of the human hand.
The claws are named by their relative location on
the foot.
5. ANATOMY
There is the outer, or lateral claw, and the inner,
or medial claw. In cattle, the lateral claw is slightly
larger in the back feet, while the medial claw is
the larger claw in the front feet.
The space between the two claws s called the
interdigital clef; the area of skin is called the
interdigital skin.
The different surfaces of the claws are named
according to their relative position to the
interdigital cleft: the abaxial surface is the outer
wall of each claw, and the axial surface is the
inner wall.
6.
7. HORN
The horn is a hard surface, structurally similar to
the human fingernail functionally like the
epidermis of the skin.
The cells that form the horn are produced by the
tissue directly beneath the hoof wall, called the
corium, at the hoof head.
The corium is a nutrient-rich tissue that contains
many
8. SOLE
The sole is the area inside the white line, but not
including the bars and frog.
It’s primary function is to protect the sensitive
structures beneath the sole.
The outer perimeter of sole also provides support,
sharing some of the weight
9.
10. WHITE LINE
Commonly referred to as the white line, The
purpose of the Golden Line is to join the sole to
the inner wall of the hoof and to seal off the
border of the pedal bone to protect it from
bacterial infiltration.
It creates a shallow crease at the bottom of the
hoof which fills with dirt, aiding with traction
11. INNER WALL
The inner hoof wall is usually white (unlike the
outer wall, it does not contain pigment). It is
morepliable than
the outer wall due to the higher ratio of
intertubular horn which bind the tubules together.
This intertubular horn has a higher moisture
content and enables the innerwall to stretch more
as the outer wall moves, ensuring the inner
workings of the hoof are
protected from too much shock.
12. OUTER WALL
The outer hoof wall is pigmented and contains a
higher ratio of tubules.
These tube-like structures grow down from the
coronary band in a spiral configuration.
It has been suggested that this makes them act like
tiny springs, but this cannot happen as there is no
space between the coils. It is more likely that the
tubules are grown this way to add strength.
The primary purpose of the outer wall is to store and
release energy during the different phases of the
stride.
It also provides protection from the structures within,
regulating ingress and egress of moisture .A healthy
outer wall will be slightly thicker at the toe and have
no growth rings or cracks.
13.
14. FROG
The frog is the triangular mass that lies between the
bars of the foot at the heels.
It is almost 50% water, and therefore is quite soft and
pliable. The point of the frog is called the apex, the
grooves along the sides are the sulci and the
depression along the bottom surface is called the
central sulcus or cleft.
Another function of the frog is to expand and contract
the heels of the foot as it moves. If the frog is not
sufficient to perform this job, contracted heels may
develop. It should only be pared out if the tissue is
diseased or infected - for example, when thrush
occurs. The frog will shed itself twice a year; other
than those times, the healthy tissue should be left
natural.
15. BAR
The bar is an extension of the hoof wall which
runs along the side of the frog, terminating
approximately half way along the frog.
Its primary purpose is to control the movement of
the back of the hoof, adding strength to the heel
area and protecting it from excess distortion. It
should have a high ratio of pliable inner wall to
ensure it can move correctly as the heel moves.
16. COLLATERAL GROOVE
This is the groove that runs along either side of
the frog. The outer wall of the groove is made up
of the wall of the bar and sole and the wall on the
other side comprises the wall of the frog.
17. BONES OF HOOF
There are three bones within the foot:
The second phalanx (short pastern)
third phalanx (coffin bone)
Navicular bone.
The coffin bone sits mainly at the front of the foot and
slightly to the outside. It is the largest bone in the foot
and appears hoof-shaped.
Just above it and connecting at the coffin joint is the short
pastern, a bone that is partly inside the hoof and partly
above the coronary band.
The navicular bone is the smallest bone in the foot, lying
behind the coffin joint, where the deep digital flexor
tendon runs
18.
19.
20. CORONARY BAND
This is a very tough, vascular structure which sit
sat the top of the hoof wall. It has two very
important functions.
Firstly it produces the tubules of the outer hoof
wall.
Secondly, it is incredibly strong and acts as a
band of support to add strength to the internal
structures as the hoof distorts during the stride
21. PERIOPLE
This is a protective covering for the area of newly
formed hoof wall just below the coronary band
In the early stages, this horn material is quite soft
- deliberately so because it helps to prevent the
coronary band being bruised by shock being
transferred upwards through the hoof wall during
the weight bearing phase of the stride.
The periople covers this horn to provide
protection.
22.
23. VENOUS PLEXUSES
The hoof is heavily supplied with blood via five
venous plexuses. These are:
Solar - nourishing the horn producing corium that
generates the sole
Digital cushion - a network of blood vessels which run
through the digital cushion
Lateral cartilage - supplying the cartilages with blood
which helps with energy utilisation
Lamellae - nourishing the corium which produces the
intertubular horn of the hoof wall
Coronary - supplying the coronary band with the
nutrients it needs to produce the tubules of the hoof
wall