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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Animal Learning Wyatt Ch. 4 100318, learning about "abstract concepts" as observed in Honeybees, from parent to offspring often involves Macaque example, Animal Learning is influenced by external mechanisms (usually ecological factors), Learning behaviors within a generation (horizontal/lateral transmission) often involves Macaque example, numerous adaptive functions relating to improved survival of an individual, A developmental process by Life-long acquisition of knowledge to supplement skills inherited genetically, learned taste aversions seen in generalists Rats learn not to eat certain foods if they make them ill within a few hours, predator avoidance for example ????, honeybees which learn the location of honey by sticking out their proboscis to taste the nectar and then smelling it with their antennae, internal control mechanisms including physiological factors, thousands of seeds in various areas which is termed "scattered hoarding" helping them survive cold winters add image of Clark's nutcracker, Coditioning & Trial-and-Error and retaining memories to influence future behaviors, internal control mechanisms including genetic factors, improved foraging success for example honeybees, social learning which involves Learning behaviors within a generation (horizontal/lateral transmission), from offspring to parent often involves Macaque example, Animal Learning can involve learning within a group, birds learn to associate the warning colors of poisonous butterflies ("Aposematic" warning) specifically Monarch butterfly caterpillars and adults advertise their aposematic "watrning" colorations, Animal Learning shows A developmental process, improved survival of an individual including improved foraging success