Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with gephi

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Interactive visualization and exploration
of network data with gephi
Bernhard Rieder
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Mediastudi...

Context
Terms like "big data", "computational social science", "digital humanities",
"digital methods", etc. are receiving...

This workshop
How do we talk about data? How do we analyze them? What is our frame
of thought? How do we go further in ter...

Basic ideas
Why?
Why do network analysis and visualization? Which arguments are put
forward?
☉ New media: technical and co...

Platforms like Twitter
boost opportunities for
connectivity between
various types of actors.

At the same time, they
produce detailed data
traces that are highly
centralized and searchable.
Much of these data can be
...

What styles of reasoning?
Hacking (1991) building the concept of "style of reasoning" on A. C.
Crombie’s (1994) "styles of...

Quality / quantity
"One of my favorite fantasies is a dialogue between Mills and Lazarsfeld in which the former
reads to t...

Two kinds of mathematics
Can there be data analysis without math? No.
Does this imply epistemological commitments? Yes.
Bu...

Two kinds of mathematics
Statistics
Observed: objects and properties
Inferred: social forces
Data representation: the tabl...

Graph theory
Leonhard Euler, "Seven Bridges of Königsberg", 1735
Introducing the "point and line" model

Graph theory
Develops over the 20th century, in particular the second half.
Integrates branches of mathematics (topology, ...

Basic ideas
Moreno 1934
Graph theory developed in
exchange with sociometry,
small-group research and
(later) social exchan...

Basic ideas

Forsythe and Katz, 1946, "adjacency matrix"

Harary, Graph Theory, 1969

Basic ideas
The late 1990s
The network "singularity":
☉ The network imaginary, a "new science of networks" (Watts 2005)
☉ ...

Basic ideas
Adamic and Glance, "Divided They Blog", 2005

Formalization
"As we have seen, the basic terms of digraph theory are point and line. Thus, if an
appropriate coordination...

Facebook Page "ElShaheeed", June 2010 – June 2011, (Poell / Rieder, forthcoming)
7K posts, 700K users, 3.6M comments, 10M ...

Facebook Page "ElShaheeed", June 2010 – June 2011:
comment timescatter, log10 y scale, likes on

Facebook Page "ElShaheeed", June 2010 – June 2011:
scatterplot comments / likes, per post type

Facebook Page "ElShaheeed"
700K nodes, 11M connections
Color: type

Facebook Page "ElShaheeed"
700K nodes, 11M connections
Color: outdegree

Basic ideas
What Kind of Phenomena/Data?
Interactive networks (Watts 2004): link encodes tangible interaction
☉ social net...

Basic ideas
What is a graph?
An abstract representation of nodes connected by links.
Two ways of dealing with graphs:
☉ ma...

Non force-based layouts
Circle diagram, parallel bubble lines, arc diagram

Network statistics
betweenness centrality
degree
Relational elements of graphs can
be represented as tables (nodes
have pr...

Basic ideas

Basic ideas
What is a graph?
Vertices and edges!
Nodes and lines!
Two main types:
Directed (e.g. Twitter)
Undirected (e.g....

Basic ideas

Basic ideas
Wikipedia: Glossary of graph theory
Tools are easy, concepts are hard

Basic ideas
Interactive visual analytics
Bringing structure to the surface (gephi panel: "layout")
☉ different spatializat...

Basic ideashttp://courses.polsys.net/gephi/

Basic ideas

Basic ideas
Twitter #ows dataset, co-hashtag analysis
Strong topic clustering

Twitter 1% sample, co-hashtag analysis
227,029 unique hashtags, 1627 displayed (freq >= 50)
Size: frequency
Color: modular...

Size: frequency
Color: user diversity
Twitter 1% sample, co-hashtag analysis
227,029 unique hashtags, 1627 displayed (freq...

Size: frequency
Color: degree
Twitter 1% sample, co-hashtag analysis
227,029 unique hashtags, 1627 displayed (freq >= 50)

Twitter 1% sample
Co-hashtag analysis
Degree vs.
wordFrequency

Degree vs. userDiversity
Twitter 1% sample
Co-hashtag analysis

FB group "Islam is dangerous"
Friendship network, color: betweenness centrality
2.339 members
Average degree of 39.69
81.7...

FB group "Islam is dangerous"
Friendship network, color: Interface language
en_us, de, en_uk, it dominate

Mapping European Extremism
Friendship relations of 18 extreme-right groups

FB page "Educate children about the evils of Islam"
Links have more comments, photos more likes.

FB page "Stop the Islamization
of the World"
Number of posts and reactions

FB page "Stop the
Islamization of the World"

Basic ideas
Interactive visual analytics
Bringing structure to the surface (gephi panel: "layout")
☉ different spatializat...

Basic ideashttp://courses.polsys.net/gephi/

Nine measures of centrality (Freeman 1979)

Label PR α=0.85 PR α=0.7 PR α=0.55 PR α=0.4 In-Degree Out-Degree Degree
n34 0.0944 0.0743 0.0584 0.0460 4 1 5
n1 0.0867 0....

Basic ideas
US Airports

Thank You
rieder@uva.nl
https://www.digitalmethods.net
http://thepoliticsofsystems.net
"Far better an approximate answer t...

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