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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Lab 4 final, Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding How were they used? Methods of Administration, Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding What drugs were used? Anti-Infective Agents, Dehorning involves Procedure, PRE-OPERATIVE Risks to assess There are a number of risks to consider with respect to the handlers and animals involved. (Mouse over), Procedure which utilises Tools, PRE-OPERATIVE Welfare considerations Dehorning and disbudding are stressful procedures for cattle. As surgeons interested in both the welfare of the cattle and the attending veterinary staff we considered the welfare implications of this procedure., Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding Why are they used? Indications & Precautions (scroll over), Procedure What, PRE-OPERATIVE Assessment of fitness for surgery Both calves had an ASA Grade of 1 with no expected complications., INTRA-OPERATIVE Considerations is comprised of Disbudding, Procedure Why, Procedure How, Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding What drugs were used? Sedation, INTRA-OPERATIVE Considerations is comprised of Dehorning, Procedure What, Procedure which utilises Tools, Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding What drugs were used? Analgesia, Drugs used in Dehorning and Disbudding What should the owner know? Client Info. (scroll over), PRE-OPERATIVE Potential Complications Post dehorning or disbudding animals can, Disbudding involves Procedure